{"id":1607,"date":"2024-02-08T17:32:56","date_gmt":"2024-02-08T17:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=1607"},"modified":"2024-02-12T14:47:44","modified_gmt":"2024-02-12T14:47:44","slug":"vol-8-issue-2-2023","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=1607","title":{"rendered":"&#8211; Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1607\" class=\"elementor elementor-1607\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-640d9ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"640d9ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2f5d18\" data-id=\"e2f5d18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49f6d02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"49f6d02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be75019 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be75019\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8275a7\" data-id=\"c8275a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcba0e1 elementor-button-success elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"bcba0e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2023-2\/Summary_8_2_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Summary<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c5c444 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3c5c444\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e573536\" data-id=\"e573536\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e73657 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0e73657\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d4f093 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d4f093\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">The Effects of Clothing Purchase Determinant Factors Associated with Customer Temperament<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 133<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Corina-Elena MIRCIOIU,\u00a0Simona C\u0103t\u0103lina \u0218TEFAN<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>The purpose of this paper is to determine and quantify the effects of the clothing purchase determining factors associated with the customer\u2019s temperament (sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, and melancholic). A number of 192 respondents participated in an electronic questionnaire, 68.8% of whom were women. The results were analysed with the help of the Process-based structural equation modeling application, provided by SmartPLS 4 software. The results obtained showed that in the purchase process, social factors and appearance are important for sanguine people; in the case of choleric individuals, the conferred status and superior quality of the product are essential; for phlegmatic people, it is important that the product responds appropriately to a need and provides comfort; and melancholic people take into account ecological factors and identification with the product. These results can be useful to clothing companies for the adoption of sales strategies that consider the buyers&#8217; interest factors regarding the products..<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>C12, C3, M1, M2<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>consumer, temperament, purchase decision, clothing industry<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2023.06-01<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117dbcc elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"117dbcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2023-2\/8-2-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea22d78 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea22d78\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f0db329\" data-id=\"f0db329\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ceeaffa elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ceeaffa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b346c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b346c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Technopreneurship and Clients Expansion: Lagos State Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Experience<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 147<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Ahmed Adeniyi OJIKUTU,\u00a0Johnson A. EGWAKHE,\u00a0Victoria AKPA,\u00a0Folorunso I. AKANDE<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>Regardless of the context, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) continued to encounter challenges that threaten their performance in terms of expanding customer bases<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>as such; this paper investigates the effect of technopreneurship dimensions on the client\u2019s<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>expansion of selected MSMEs in Lagos State, Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>and the population was comprised of 7,017 owners\/managers from 6 purposively selected<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>MSMEs technology hubs. A sample size of 475 owners\/managers was determined using<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>simple random sampling techniques adopted for the study. A validated and structured<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>questionnaire was adopted for data collection after Cronbach\u2019s alpha reliability coefficients<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>were established. The findings revealed that the technopreneurship dimensions had a<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>significant effect on client expansion with Adj.R2 = 0.424; F(5, 277) = 52.809, p &lt; 0.05. The<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>study recommended strengthening technopreneurial activities for clients&#8217; growth within the<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>business ecosystem.<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>M10, M13, M15, O31, O33<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>capabilities, clients expansion, enterprises experience, innovativeness,<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>learning, technology, technopreneurship<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2023.06-02<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80e4dcc elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"80e4dcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2023-2\/8-2-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af12043 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af12043\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb89c0c\" data-id=\"cb89c0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14ff94e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"14ff94e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bde8d0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bde8d0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Investor Herd Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 158<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Damien KUNJAL,\u00a0Saiurin NAIDOO,\u00a0Caleb MOONSAMY,\u00a0Thavania GOVENDER,\u00a0Riley NAIDOO,\u00a0Ebrahim ALLY<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extreme volatility in financial markets globally. During periods of extreme volatility, investors tend to exhibit herd behaviour. However, herd behaviour results in market anomalies, which causes incorrect valuations and pricing. Hence, the objective of this study is to test whether COVID-19 has induced herd behaviour in South Africa\u2019s stock market. To achieve this objective, the FTSE\/JSE Top 40 Index is used as a proxy for stocks trading on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The cross-sectional absolute deviation (CSAD) methodology is employed, and the sample period ranges from July 3, 2017 to June 30, 2021 with March 5, 2020 dividing the pre- and post-COVID-19 periods. The results suggest an absence of herd behaviour in the FTSE\/JSE Top 40 Index during the full, pre- and post- COVID-19 sample periods. Therefore, this study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has not induced herd behaviour in the South African stock market. This could indicate that stock investors on the JSE follow their own thought and decision-making processes in periods of extreme volatility. Moreover, this may suggest that the South African stock market is efficient and that investors execute rational and well-thought out trades.<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">G11, G14, G40<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>COVID-19, Herd behaviour, Johannesburg Stock Exchange, Pandemic, Stock Market<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2023.06.03<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1523e elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5e1523e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2023-2\/8-2-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d53b5cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d53b5cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b3180\" data-id=\"23b3180\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a36348a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a36348a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0828771 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0828771\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">To Invest or not to Invest: The Start-Up Investment Decision-Making Process<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 170<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Corina SERBAN (PATRINTAS),\u00a0Cristian NEGRUTIU,\u00a0Andreea-Nicoleta BICHEL<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>This article discusses the five stages involved in securing financing for a start-up business. The first stage involves market analysis to determine the potential for development, including estimation of the addressable market, analysis of the competitive environment using tools like the Five-Forces Model, and identification of the ideal customer and\/or consumer. The second section focuses on the business model, which involves determining whether the product is technological or service-based, and conducting a product description, numerical estimation, and definition of the technological dimension. The third section outlines the growth strategy, including identifying competitive advantages and developing a roadmap with the main commercial and technical characteristics to be developed in the future. The fourth stage involves determining the amount of investment required and how the funds will be used. The evaluation of the start-up is a crucial step in this process. The article identifies two fundamental principles for evaluation, namely, that the earlier the start-up, the less sophisticated the evaluation methods, and that since start-ups are not listed on the stock exchange, evaluation is eminently subjective and a continual negotiation process. The final stage involves auditing the existing situation to determine whether the company presents legal or financial risks and whether financing can take place or not.<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>M13, D25, D70, D81<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>competitive advantages, Five-Forces Model, growth strategy, investment, risks<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2023.06-04<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30c2333 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"30c2333\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2023-2\/8-2-4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-841a580 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"841a580\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29963d9\" data-id=\"29963d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afa4760 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"afa4760\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f67330e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f67330e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Perspectives of Collaboration between Large Firms and High-Tech SMEs Regarding Open Innovation (OI)<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 180<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Daniel RUSU<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span><\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>This article aims to explore Open Innovation (OI) collaborations between high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large customers. The aim of the study is to add new perspectives regarding the specific and special way in which smaller companies initiate and develop relationships based on trust with larger customers in order to innovate and, at the same time, highlight the special contribution of customers in terms of the innovation process of SMEs. It presents perspectives regarding the way in which SMEs, by building trust, initiate and grow OI relationships with research clients but also with clients present in industry. According to the results, large customers, directly and indirectly, contributed significantly to the innovation processes of SMEs. The study focuses on SMEs aiming to adopt an OI strategy that involves enhancing legitimacy, building trust, and leveraging relationships with research institutions and larger clients. By investigating how SMEs develop partnerships with these entities, the study contributes to the existing OI literature by exploring how SMEs navigate the advantages and challenges associated with OI while fostering trust-based relationships.<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>D8, L1, M1, M16<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>Open innovation practices, Customer collaboration, Building trust, Open innovation, SMEs, Trust<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2023.06-05<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc14a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc14a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c304f1\" data-id=\"8c304f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f4a3d8 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9f4a3d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2023-2\/8-2-5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50fc0f0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"50fc0f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac4956e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac4956e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Measurement and Analysis of Dynamics of Financial Performance and Efficiency of Trade in Serbia Using Iftopsis and Topsis Methods<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page:\u00a0<b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">201<\/b><\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Radojko LUKI\u0106<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>Due to the nature of the trade, it is challenging to research the factors of the dynamics of financial performance and trade efficiency in Serbia. With this in mind, this paper measures and analyses the dynamics of financial performance and trade efficiency in Serbia using the IFTOPSI and TOPSIS methods. The results obtained from empirical research show that according to the IFTOPSIS method, the top five years in order include: 2004, 2020, 2015, 2007 and 2017. The worst year is 2006; and according to the TOPSIS method, the top five years in order include: 2020, 2019, 2017, 2018 and 2011. The worst year is 2002. Recently, according to both methods, the financial performance and efficiency of trade in Serbia have improved. This was influenced by: economic climate, inflation, exchange rate, inflow of foreign direct investments, management of human resources, assets, capital, sales and profit, implementation of new business models (multichannel sales, sales of organic products, private label), cost management (for example, costing by activity), customers and product categories. The digitisation of the entire business has a significant role in this. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been mitigated with e-commerce. Adequate control of these and other factors can influence the achievement of the target financial performance and trade efficiency in Serbia.<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>L81, M31, M41, O32<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>financial performance, efficiency, factors, Serbian trade, IFTOPSIS-TOPSIS method<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2023.06-06<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03e1b3f elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"03e1b3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2023-2\/8-2-6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-850df6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"850df6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af2e223\" data-id=\"af2e223\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ca038c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4ca038c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d5813b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d5813b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">The Impact of Intercultural Communication on Cultural Intelligence<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 220<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Ruxandra Nicoleta POPESCU<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>Multicultural relations have become a characteristic feature of global economic and social reality. The ever-increasing mobility of the workforce has led to a significant growth in its organisational heterogeneity. Understanding the climate induced by the ethnic diversity of the workforce and the way that performance can be improved at organisational level, have become management priorities in a multicultural environment as these elements are indicators of success. This study aims to highlight the relationships between the level of intercultural communication (IC) and cultural intelligence (CQ) at the individual level. The sociological survey, based on a questionnaire, was the basic element in obtaining primary information. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 367 people working in multinational companies in Romania. The results were processed by econometric methods using SPSS software. The study highlights the direct and positive links between levels of intercultural communication (IC) and cultural intelligence (CQ) at the individual level. The results of the study are only valid at the national level. In order to increase the relevance of the results, we consider it necessary to extend the sample by including more people. By conducting this study, we highlight the importance of having a high level of IC, a level that induces a significant increase in CQ value at the individual level, and also a high willingness to perform in a multicultural organisation. This study is a first at the national level because the links between IC and CQ levels have not been the subject of an experimental analysis before.<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>M54<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>cultural intelligence; intercultural communication; interpersonal relations in multicultural organisations<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2023.06-07<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ea0b0b elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2ea0b0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2023-2\/8-2-7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b62c6bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b62c6bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0baf78e\" data-id=\"0baf78e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-366fef1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"366fef1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-869e4d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"869e4d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Continuous Learning: The Solution to Stay on Digital Labour Market<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 237<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Carmen-Elena B\u0102NESCU,\u00a0Emilia \u021aI\u021aAN,\u00a0Daniela Ioana MANEA<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>The labour market is constantly changing due to the development of technology. Technology is expanding as the need for data processing, analysis, and use increases. Technology not only becomes more skilled than man, but also urges him to live faster. Technology makes economic processes easier and faster. The human resource will assume the role of orchestrator of technology, but in order to do so, it must be available to learn permanently. The case study will focus on describing the main benefits of continuous learning for the workforce. For employees, the accumulation of new knowledge gives them the opportunity to improve their skills. For the unemployed, continuous learning gives them the opportunity to get hired. Therefore, we will identify whether employees are more interested in continuous learning. Additionally, we will identify whether the occupation that employees have influences the rate of participation in continuous learning. As the labour market is placed in the context of industrialisation 4.0, it is necessary to talk about continuous learning in the direction of digitalisation. In the digital economy, it is important that the workforce has at least a basic knowledge of technology in order to keep their job. Technological unemployment occurs precisely because the human resource is exceeded by the new demands of the workplace. Thus, we will identify the level of digitisation at the European level but also the way in which the population has acquired digital skills. We will also highlight the fact that the share of people with ICT skills and knowledge is higher in the case of employees than in the case of the unemployed. The purpose of the paper is to present comparatively the benefits that continuous learning has for both a person who already has a job and a person without a job, but also the impact that the industrial revolution 4.0 has on continuous learning.<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>I25, J24, J62, J82<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>continuous learning, lifelong learning, digitalisation, labour market<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2023.06-08<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33161b0 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"33161b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2023-2\/8-2-8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f8e2b07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f8e2b07\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d66a51\" data-id=\"8d66a51\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-649bf1a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"649bf1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc26866 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc26866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Tackling Climate Risks: Current Strategies for Monitoring and Preventing Climate Hazards<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page:\u00a0<b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">246<\/b><\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Andra-Nicoleta MECU,\u00a0Florentina CHI\u021aU,\u00a0Liviu-Andrei TOADER,\u00a0Georgiana Ionela MARIN<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>The Paris Agreement&#8217;s signatories submitted in 2021 their updated climate action targets and\u00a0commitments, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). These goals<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>encompass the efforts that countries will make in the next few years to reduce emissions and<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>improve resilience. Meteorological and climatic products are a significant tool in climate risk<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>management and adaptation to climate variability. In order to build resilience for sustainable<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>development, both climate change and extreme weather occurrences must be incorporated<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>into risk assessments. The goal of this research is to highlight the key approaches used by the<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>world&#8217;s major countries for monitoring and preventing climate hazards. Furthermore, the<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>main actions implemented by Romania are taken into account. We will also explore a<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>potential link between climate risks in the context of online commerce and the redefinition of<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>global business models.<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>L81, Q01, Q54, Q56<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>Climate Change, Climate Risks, Sustainable Development, Sustainable<br style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\" \/>ecommerce<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2023.06-09<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c720a6f elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c720a6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2023-2\/8-2-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb948ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fb948ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023 Summary The Effects of Clothing Purchase Determinant Factors Associated with Customer Temperament Page: 133 Authors:\u00a0Corina-Elena MIRCIOIU,\u00a0Simona C\u0103t\u0103lina \u0218TEFAN Abstract:\u00a0The purpose of this paper is to determine and quantify the effects of the clothing purchase determining factors associated with the customer\u2019s temperament (sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, and melancholic). A number of 192 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1607","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>- Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023 - Management and Economics Review<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=1607\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"- Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023 - Management and Economics Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023 Summary The Effects of Clothing Purchase Determinant Factors Associated with Customer Temperament Page: 133 Authors:\u00a0Corina-Elena MIRCIOIU,\u00a0Simona C\u0103t\u0103lina \u0218TEFAN Abstract:\u00a0The purpose of this paper is to determine and quantify the effects of the clothing purchase determining factors associated with the customer\u2019s temperament (sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, and melancholic). A number of 192 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=1607\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Management and Economics Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-12T14:47:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/?page_id=1607\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/?page_id=1607\",\"name\":\"- Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023 - Management and Economics Review\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-02-08T17:32:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-12T14:47:44+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/?page_id=1607#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/?page_id=1607\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/?page_id=1607#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Prima pagin\u0103\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"&#8211; Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/\",\"name\":\"MER\",\"description\":\"Peer-Reviewed Journal in Management and Economics\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"MER\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/logo.jpg\",\"width\":500,\"height\":500,\"caption\":\"MER\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mer.ase.ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"- Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023 - Management and Economics Review","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=1607","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"- Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023 - Management and Economics Review","og_description":"Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023 Summary The Effects of Clothing Purchase Determinant Factors Associated with Customer Temperament Page: 133 Authors:\u00a0Corina-Elena MIRCIOIU,\u00a0Simona C\u0103t\u0103lina \u0218TEFAN Abstract:\u00a0The purpose of this paper is to determine and quantify the effects of the clothing purchase determining factors associated with the customer\u2019s temperament (sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, and melancholic). A number of 192 [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=1607","og_site_name":"Management and Economics Review","article_modified_time":"2024-02-12T14:47:44+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Timp estimat pentru citire":"10 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=1607","url":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=1607","name":"- Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023 - Management and Economics Review","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-02-08T17:32:56+00:00","dateModified":"2024-02-12T14:47:44+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=1607#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=1607"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=1607#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Prima pagin\u0103","item":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"&#8211; Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/#website","url":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/","name":"MER","description":"Peer-Reviewed Journal in Management and Economics","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/#organization","name":"MER","url":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/logo.jpg","width":500,"height":500,"caption":"MER"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1607"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1607\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1976,"href":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1607\/revisions\/1976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}