{"id":2057,"date":"2024-07-03T09:19:38","date_gmt":"2024-07-03T09:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=2057"},"modified":"2024-07-03T10:57:53","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T10:57:53","slug":"vol-9-issue-2-2024","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=2057","title":{"rendered":"&#8211; Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2057\" class=\"elementor elementor-2057\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52c2e646 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52c2e646\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d812c68\" data-id=\"7d812c68\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6190f93f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6190f93f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2024<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e26bf20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e26bf20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58232a05\" data-id=\"58232a05\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-647a05c7 elementor-button-success elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"647a05c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/Summary_9_2_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Summary<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7179c4a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7179c4a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-45b52de5\" data-id=\"45b52de5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36a97bed elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"36a97bed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b21a48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b21a48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-style: normal; font-size: 1.15rem; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; color: #000000;\"><b>Attitude of Undergraduate Students toward Leisure Activities<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 216<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif;\">Paul-Francois MUZINDUTSI, Zandile MASANGO-MUZINDUTSI<\/span><\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>The purpose of this study was to explore the attitude of undergraduate students towards leisure activities focussing on first-year and senior (2nd and 3rd year) students. A sample of 427 students enrolled in a South African University was selected to meet the analytical needs of the study. The instrument used is based on the Leisure Attitude Scale developed by Beard and Ragheb (1982). The results indicated that, overall, the study subjects are associated with positive attitudes towards leisure activities. One-way ANOVA procedure revealed a statistically significant difference between junior and senior students in overall leisure attitude and within cognitive and behavioural subscales. Pearson\u2019s Correlation Analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the overall LAS and different sub-scales.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>A12, L83, Z13<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>leisure activity, leisure attitude scale, South Africa, university students.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-01<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-342978bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"342978bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c772cd9\" data-id=\"2c772cd9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4352bf89 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4352bf89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5431c75f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5431c75f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60fb8b8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60fb8b8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Foreign Direct Investment in West Africa: A Case of Anglophone versus Francophone Countries<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 225<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Felicia Anikpe NAIMO, Cyprian Oshiokpekai AIGBODIOH, Ahmed Ede UWUBANMWEN<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>This research was aimed at investigating the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in thirteen (13) West African Anglophone and Francophone countries in the short and long term by using annual data from 1990 to 2021. From the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) results, it was deduced that FDI has a long-run positive significant relationship with economic growth in the Anglophone region, but was not found statistically significant in the Francophone region. In addition, both regions exhibited an inverse relationship between FDI and GDP growth in the short run. From the findings, other variables such as gross fixed capital formation, exchange rates, and trade openness were statistically significant in driving GDP growth in the Anglophone region but not in the Francophone region, except for the exchange rate. Overall, it was concluded that FDI benefits the Anglophone region of West Africa more than the Francophone region. These findings suggested that lingual structures may play a dominant role in the attraction of FDI and other macroeconomic variables in these economies. Thus, there should be strong regulatory frameworks to improve FDI inflows through human capital development, political stability, a friendly business environment, and infrastructural development, as well as ensuring proper galvanisation and effective utilisation of investment funds in the regions.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>C33, F21, F43, O55<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>economic growth, foreign direct investment, Panel ARDL, trade openness, West Africa<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-02<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bcda4b4 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4bcda4b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-183521cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"183521cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-747113fe\" data-id=\"747113fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6240e913 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6240e913\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b26ae5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b26ae5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Change Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of a Major South African Hotels, Gaming, and Entertainment Group<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 242<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Farai NYIKA, Stacy DAVID-SOOBRAMONEY, Sindisiwe NZIMANDE<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>The hospitality industry comprises a broad array of service offerings such as accommodation, restaurants, bars, and entertainment (cinemas, concerts, theatres, casinos, amusement parks), among others. As a significant contributor to the tourism GDP of the South African economy, this once thriving sector experienced an unprecedented and devastating impact in 2020 due to the onset of the global pandemic (COVID-19). This paper explores a major South African gaming, hotels, and entertainment group\u2019s (Sun International) organisational performance, with specific emphasis on its Gauteng based properties. The purpose of the research was to understand the organisational shifts in business strategies, financial planning, marketing realignments, and employee behaviour among other changes to the operational environment in enduring the effects of the pandemic. The paper adopted a qualitative research approach using a non-probability sampling technique. Data was collected from a sample of ten participants using semi-structured one-on-one interviews. The participants were chosen from various departments and comprised permanent senior management employees of Sun International. The findings showed that Sun International changed its business strategy in response to the pandemic with respect to how it treated internal staff and external guests. The group also adapted its cost management, marketing, and communication strategy. Finally, Sun International has restructured its business with resilience and sustainability in mind, to be in a better position to weather future crises.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>M10, M310<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>hospitality, crisis management, tourism, South Africa, COVID-19<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-03<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-646dd28d elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"646dd28d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f4acbb4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f4acbb4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a022a2d\" data-id=\"6a022a2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240b5812 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"240b5812\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bf7a97c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5bf7a97c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Assessing Algeria&#8217;s Trade Performance within the African Continental Free Trade Area: Indicators-Based Approach<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 255<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Samia ABID<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span><\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>In the evolving economic and geopolitical landscape, regional integration serves as a strategy for countries to enhance global influence and optimise trade relations. The present study assesses the impact of trade liberalisation under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on Algeria&#8217;s exports, contributing thus to the debate on the potential effects of trade agreements involving developing countries. The study relies on official data gathered from international institutions to compute essential trade indicators, particularly those related to concentration and regional orientation. Our analysis enabled us to categorise products based on the possible effects they are likely to encounter. The results show that only four natural resource-based products will continue to enjoy a trade expansion. More importantly, a large number of non-hydrocarbon products are not likely to increase despite tariff reductions. According to our findings, the effects of the AfCFTA on trade creation are limited. The analysis revealed that Algeria currently lacks the essential prerequisites for a successful integration into the African market. To facilitate its integration process, a series of complementary measures must be implemented.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>N97, F13, F14, F15<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>African integration, Algeria, regional orientation, trade creation, trade liberalisation<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-04<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e4a934 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4e4a934\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10069e81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10069e81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49ff4f9b\" data-id=\"49ff4f9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29c4d3e4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"29c4d3e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2695d451 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2695d451\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Institutional Investors Ownership and Financial Performance: An Empirical Study of CAC40 Companies<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 269<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif;\">Sarra BOUDERMINE, Djamel KEDDAM<\/span><\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ownership by institutional investors on the financial performance of a sample of 15 French firms that were listed between 2015 and 2022 on the CAC40 index. To achieve the study&#8217;s objective, the percentage of shares owned by foreign and domestic institutional investors was used as a measure of institutional investors&#8217; ownership, while the return on assets was used as a measure of financial performance. The study employed a statistical approach using Dynamic Panel Data Models with the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The study found a statistically significant negative impact between the ownership percentages of foreign and domestic institutional investors and financial performance. Regarding control variables, agency costs had a positive and statistically significant impact on financial performance, while liquidity had no significant effect.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>G23, G30<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>institutional investors, financial performance, Dynamic Panel Data Models, GMM<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-05<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ef6df55 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7ef6df55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f0a633f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f0a633f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54755c61\" data-id=\"54755c61\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4150c536 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4150c536\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b455b64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b455b64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Interest Rate Channel and Household Consumption: Evidence from the West African Monetary Zone<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 282<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Lawrence Babatunde ONI, Abayomi Toyin ONANUGA, Oluwaseyi Adedayo ADELOWOKAN<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>In order to achieve macroeconomic stability, monetary authorities in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) adopted an inflation targeting framework. The policy was facilitated by various monetary stability and control measures. The outcome of the policy effort was not significantly felt by the economies because the concentration was majorly on improving aggregate output with little or no attention to its important components such as household consumption. Thus, this study examines the effect of interest rate channel on household consumption in the WAMZ from 1986 to 2021. Based on the unit root results, the study employed the panel autoregressive distributed lags approach for regression analysis. And found that interest rate channel has no significant effect on household consumption expenditure in the short-run. But in the long-run, the interest rate channel significantly affected household consumption expenditure in the West African Monetary Zone. Therefore, the study concluded that in the long-run, the interest rate channel through nominal lending and deposit rates significantly affected household consumption in the Zone. In view of our findings, some policy implications were made to guide both the government and the monetary authorities in the Zone.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>E21, E52, C33, F45<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>household consumption, interest rate channel, Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag, West African Monetary Zone<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-06<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5220949d elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5220949d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5f7618 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5f7618\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-15c2e6e6\" data-id=\"15c2e6e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72a8e2a9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"72a8e2a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b5206b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b5206b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Socio-Cultural Environment, Conjugal Role Specification and Women\u2019s Entrepreneurial Performance in the Cameroonian Context<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 294<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Nelson Aubin DIFFO LONTSI, Joseph NZONGANG<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>The main objective of this study is to present the role of the socio-cultural environment through the ideology of the specification of conjugal roles, on the entrepreneurial performance of women in the Cameroonian context. By adopting a qualitative approach using multiple case studies, semi-structured interviews were carried out on a sample of ten (10) female entrepreneurs from the city of Douala. The thematic content analysis was carried out using the Nvivo 10 software. From this analysis, it mainly emerges that inequalities linked to gender, residential proximity between the entrepreneur and her in-laws constitute the factors that lead to a counter-performance of women in entrepreneurship. However, the involvement of the spouse in domestic tasks promotes the achievement of entrepreneurial objectives by women entrepreneurs.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>L25, L26<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>socio-cultural environment, women\u2019s entrepreneurship, Cameroonian context; conjugal role specification<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-07<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a85375 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9a85375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b4bf5b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b4bf5b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-60ce98b1\" data-id=\"60ce98b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19b00475 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"19b00475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d27cc4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d27cc4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.4px;\"><b>Interactions of Spot Foreign Exchange Markets among Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan: Japanese Forward Premium\/Discount as an Information Variable<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page:\u00a0<b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">308<\/b><\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Hsiang-Hsi LIU<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>This study takes the foreign exchange rates of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan as the research issue, and utilises the VEC GJR-Asymmetric GARCH model to analyse the interaction among spot exchange rates of these three countries. The empirical results prove that the average returns of all foreign exchange markets have their own- and cross-spillovers, and the volatility of the return rate exists ARCH and \/or GARCH effects. In addition, using Japanese forward premium\/discount as information variable, empirical results find that Japanese forward premium\/discount have important explanatory power for the links of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Japanese spot exchange rates, and the original volatility spillover effect has disappeared, indicating that Japanese forward premium\/discount is indeed an information variable. In terms of the volatility asymmetry effect, the results show that the estimated coefficients of asymmetry in Taiwan and Japan are positively significant, indicating that under the impact of bad news, their own market volatilities will be greater than good news. We also justify that the foreign exchange rates of Taiwan and Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan, and Hong Kong and Japan are more closely linked to each other in the face of the two major events. The US-China trade war and the COVID-19 outbreak have triggered risk contagion, with a crisis in one country quickly spreading to another, intensifying the link between the foreign exchange markets of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Japan. Our findings may help investors and policymakers find responses to such foreign exchange market turbulence.<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>F30, G10, G13, G19<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>foreign exchange market, forward premium\/discount, VEC GJR-asymmetric GARCH model, US-China trade war, COVID-19 pandemic<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-08<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e4a6c7d elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2e4a6c7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-313a09f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"313a09f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-59c3c405\" data-id=\"59c3c405\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e566ae5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e566ae5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61f6e222 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61f6e222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Does the Conflict-Related News from Donbass Affect the Volatility of the Renewable Energy Market?<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 331<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Serkan ERYILMAZ, Enes Burak ERG\u00dcNEY, Feyyaz ZEREN, Samet G\u00dcRSOY<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>The ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine has deeply affected many countries, mainly EU member states, and has led to an energy crisis. However, this war is also an opportunity for the world to transition from fossil fuels to clean energy because the renewable energy transition has the potential to both reduce Russia&#8217;s energy revenues and ensure the EU&#8217;s energy security. For this reason, many countries are planning to invest in the renewable energy sector both to prevent Russia&#8217;s aggressive behaviour and to overcome the energy crisis. In this context, the study aims to investigate the existence of a dynamic relationship between the intensity of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the renewable energy stock market. For this purpose, we adopt a DC-MSV model with the number of conflict news in the Donbass region and ECO and ERIX return series data as proxies of the renewable energy market. As a result, we find that changes in the conflict intensity in the Donbass region do not affect the stock volatility of renewable energy companies, while there is a weak relationship between their returns.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>G15, H56, Q20<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>renewable energy, Russia, Ukraine, stock market, war<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-09<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c4a8833 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3c4a8833\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50cfb8ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50cfb8ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f3fdfab\" data-id=\"1f3fdfab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ff1ef2c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1ff1ef2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4af6254f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4af6254f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">A Tale of Two &#8216;Sities&#8217; (Universities): Navigating Organisational and Operational Strategies in Higher Education Institutions<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page: 346<\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>David FOWLER, Jon MUSGRAVE, Jill MUSGRAVE<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>This research endeavours to unveil the nuanced impact of organisational and operational models in higher education by conducting a comparative study of two institutions: the pseudonymous Old Orchard College and Seafarer University. The purpose is to discern the implications of adopting proven business strategies on institutional performance, growth, and student outcomes. The study employs a comprehensive methodology, integrating four years&#8217; worth of personal observations, interviews with current and former employees, and rigorous data mining and analysis of government public domain databases. The comparative analysis delves into the organisational structures, academic focuses, and operational approaches of Old Orchard College and Seafarer University. The design embraces a multi-faceted approach to distill the complexities of organisational dynamics in higher education. The findings illuminate a stark dichotomy between the two institutions. Old Orchard College, undergoing an academic renaissance, is grappling with a shift in executive leadership and restructuring of academic responsibilities. In contrast, Seafarer University emerges as a model of efficiency, marked by its status as the fastest-growing state-supported university. The dialogue between tradition and innovation, and the transformative power of efficient organisational models, become focal points of discovery. This research contributes to the existing body of literature by providing an in-depth exploration of the impact of organisational paradigms on higher education institutions. The originality lies in the comparative nature of the study, which dissects the interplay between traditional and modern approaches. The inclusion of personal observations and data analysis adds a layer to the exploration, offering a holistic perspective on organisational dynamics in higher education.<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>I21, I22, I23, I26, I29<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>Business Strategies in Academia, comparative institutional analysis, higher education dynamics, operational efficiency, organisational models<\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-10<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20c141e7 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"20c141e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56d76510 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56d76510\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e363030\" data-id=\"7e363030\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41d7d347 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"41d7d347\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f2986a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f2986a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Current and Future Trends in Strategic Procurement with Generative AI<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page:\u00a0<b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">361<\/b><\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Eleonora DIJMARESCU<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>It is difficult to predict with certainty how the outlook for strategic procurement will be in the next decade, but the current trends of Generative AI have already had a significant impact. This study aims to analyse the recent research focused on Generative AI strategic procurement and global supply chains with structured pros and cons of the way they could impact the strategies. For this purpose, a literature review based on 19 research articles and studies was performed to identify the areas of strategic procurement where the Generative AI could effectively perform specific tasks and to formulate shared perspectives for greater impacts. As with any new technology, the use of Generative AI is not without effort and setbacks. There are several outstanding topics, and it is important to consider the highlights and the lowlights when integrating Generative AI into strategic procurement processes. Based on this analysis, the following areas of the strategic procurement activities, with most of the value added by the implementation of the new AI technologies, were identified, in this priority order: 1. Ethical considerations, 2. Market intelligence, 3. Risk management, 4. Supplier management, 5. Contract management. The results of this research may be of interest to category procurement professionals. Further research is needed to investigate cost-effective methods for further development of the Generative AI digital transformation.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">F23, O14, L69<\/span><\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>AI technologies, category procurement, Generative AI, global supply chain, strategic procurement<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-11<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bce436a elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"bce436a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1768eea3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1768eea3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-754c1c7b\" data-id=\"754c1c7b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5419080f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5419080f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bf59098 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5bf59098\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.15rem; color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\"><b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">How does Social Capital Impact SBA Loan Approvals in US Counties?<\/b><\/h4><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Page:\u00a0<b style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">374<\/b><\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Adham CHEHAB, Yibo XIAO<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the determinants of the Small Business Administration (SBA) gross loan approval in a US county. Our main research variable was a county\u2019s social capital. We hypothesised that the higher the county\u2019s social capital, the larger the SBA gross loan approval for the county. We also evaluated the impact of other control variables on SBA gross loan approvals. The social capital of individual US counties was available for 1990, 1997, 2005, 2009, and 2014 while other variables were not available as early as 1990. Therefore, we limited our research period to 1997 through 2014. We followed the published literature and linearly interpolated social capital for the non-observed years. The final sample included more than 30,000 county-year observations. The regression results showed that a county\u2019s social capital was a positive and significant determinant of its aggregate SBA gross loan approvals. The results also showed that total banking assets, number of banking employees, population, per capita income, and whether the county is rural were also positive and significant determinants of aggregate SBA gross loan approvals in a US county. In addition, increases in a county\u2019s total banking loans and leases, and its unemployment level were negatively and significantly associated with SBA gross loan approvals. All the regression coefficients were significant at the 1% level.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>G20<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>social capital, SBA Loans, Small Business Lending, Business Loan Guarantees<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-12<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37c5ec90 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"37c5ec90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-77449901 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77449901\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d8de42c\" data-id=\"7d8de42c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7a55f3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e7a55f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ec31903 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ec31903\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.4px;\"><b>Generation Y versus Generation Z: Correlation Analysis between the Living Standard and the Education Level<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Page: <\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><b>390<\/b><\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Claudiu CICEA, Corina MARINESCU, Silviu-Gabriel BACIU, George GREERE<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>The present research aims to provide evidence, from a statistical point of view, of the relationship between the education level of individuals and their associated living standard. The study is based on correlation analysis, which is able to highlight the association between the two elements of interest and, at the same time, to show the strength of their relationship. Additionally, the correlation analysis will be conducted both for Generation Y and Generation Z. Presenting the correlation results in comparison with the two types of Generation will facilitate finding similarities or differences between Generations. The analysis considers 14 European countries and uses two ways of referring to the living standard in accordance with the scientific literature. Among the key findings, there is one in particular to be mentioned: the level of education does matter more for Generation Z as compared to Generation Y in having a higher living standard. The limits of the analysis and future research directions are mentioned in the conclusions.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>I25, O15<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>correlation, education, Generation Y, Generation Z, living standard<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-13<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ec5e83 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ec5e83\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1650f0df\" data-id=\"1650f0df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fd6f666 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1fd6f666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7794cb27 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7794cb27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-537f9694 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"537f9694\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.4px;\"><b>Toward Medical Services Quality Improvement through Industry 4.0 in Healthcare<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p><ul style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-left: 1.5rem; list-style-type: none;\"><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Page: <\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><b>401<\/b><\/span><\/li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: inherit;\">Authors:\u00a0<\/span>Aurora PREDA, Marcela P\u0102CURARU, \u0218tefan TIRITEU, Ciprian Sorin CHIRVASE, \u0218tef\u0103nu\u021b BUHUS, Andreea ZAMFIR, Elena-Oana CROITORU<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">Abstract<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span>This study aims to reveal how Industry 4.0 and its technologies can be used in medicine in order to improve the quality of the medical act in the healthcare sector. Industry 4.0 represents a significant technological revolution characterised by interconnectivity, automation, machine learning, and real-time data transfer, effectively merging physical operations and production with advanced digital technology. This revolution underpins the integration of cyber-physical systems, cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and other cutting-edge technologies within the industrial production environment. Due to its vast scope and profound impact, Industry 4.0 is evolving at an exponential rate. These digital transformations are also profoundly affecting the healthcare sector, transitioning traditional systems into intelligent systems with the goal of enhancing the quality of medical services. The significance of Industry 4.0 in healthcare can be observed in the improved interaction between providers and patients, the enhanced performance of medical teams, and the increased promptness and efficiency in delivering medical services while achieving desired outcomes at reduced costs. Additionally, it ensures the continuity and safety of medical care. Industry 4.0 is crucial for the healthcare system as it supports the essential quality attributes that underpin the delivery of medical services. It enhances accessibility, effectiveness, and efficiency, promotes professional competence, facilitates interpersonal relationships, ensures continuity and safety of care, and contributes to the development of innovative medical solutions. The adoption of these technologies is vital for establishing a modern, patient-centred healthcare system.<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">JEL Classification:\u00a0<\/span>L86, I10, O33<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>Industry 4.0, digitalisation, healthcare, artificial intelligence<\/li><li style=\"color: #000000; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">10.24818\/mer\/2024.02-14<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7070f172 elementor-button-success elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7070f172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/files\/2024-2\/9-2-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a61dbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8a61dbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2024 Summary Attitude of Undergraduate Students toward Leisure Activities Page: 216 Authors:\u00a0Paul-Francois MUZINDUTSI, Zandile MASANGO-MUZINDUTSI Abstract:\u00a0The purpose of this study was to explore the attitude of undergraduate students towards leisure activities focussing on first-year and senior (2nd and 3rd year) students. A sample of 427 students enrolled in a South African [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2057","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>- Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2024 - Management and Economics Review<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mer.ase.ro\/?page_id=2057\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"- Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2024 - Management and Economics Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2024 Summary Attitude of Undergraduate Students toward Leisure Activities Page: 216 Authors:\u00a0Paul-Francois MUZINDUTSI, Zandile MASANGO-MUZINDUTSI Abstract:\u00a0The purpose of this study was to explore the attitude of undergraduate students towards leisure activities focussing on first-year and senior (2nd and 3rd year) students. 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